Red light wavelength promote stem growth and flowering ( Rehman et al., 2017). Blue light can also promote the accumulation of phenylpropanoid-based compounds without affecting the plant morpho-anatomical traits, while red light alters the plant morphology and physiology without showing a positive effect on secondary metabolism ( Landi et al., 2020). Tomato grown under BL showed high yield and quality of fruit with resistance to disease ( Xu et al., 2012). Blue light have an effect on chlorophyll biosynthesis, plant height, and stomatal opening ( Heo et al., 2002 Jao et al., 2005 Shimazaki et al., 2007). In a previous study, blue light increased the rate of germination, leaves number per plant, number of roots, and frequency of stomata and pigment contents in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni ( Simlat et al., 2016). For example, The blue and red light wavelengths are identified to affect many plant physiological processes during growth and development, mainly photosynthesis. However, shifting wavelengths can affect plant morphology, anatomy, and physiology, identified by phytochromes ( Kami et al., 2010 Saleem et al., 2019). During photosynthesis, green plants capture light energy and transform it into chemical energy ( Fukuda et al., 2008). Varying light quality affects the plant growth ( Rehman et al., 2017, 2020). Light is one of the essential environmental factors for plant growth and development. Therefore, it is necessary to find out most favorable conditions for optimal production of industrial hemp. Environmental stress lead to slower growth of hemp ( Jiang et al., 2021).
Industrial hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.) is an ancient and versatile crop valued for its uses in food, fiber, and medicinal industry ( Rehman et al., 2021a). Thus, blue light is useful for large-scale sustainable production of industrial hemp. However, RL and RBL significantly reduced the plant biomass, gas exchange parameters with enhanced antioxidant enzymes activities. In addition, BL promoted net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration, while reduces the lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities. Compared with WL, BL significantly increase hemp growth in terms of shoot fresh biomass (15.1%), shoot dry biomass (27.0%), number of leaves per plant (13.7%), stem diameter (10.2%), root length (6.8%) and chlorophyll content (7.4%). Therefore, a pot study was conducted to investigate the effects of different colors of light, that is, white light (WL), blue light (BL), red light (RL), and 50% red with 50% blue mix light (RBL) on morphology, gaseous exchange and antioxidant capacity of industrial hemp. However, understanding that how light controls the industrial hemp growth and development is poor and needs advanced research. One of the most important growth factors in cannabis cultivation is light which plays a big role in its successful growth.
1College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming, China.
Xia Cheng 1 †, Rong Wang 1 †, Xingzhu Liu 1, Lijuan Zhou 1, Minghua Dong 1, Muzammal Rehman 2,3, Shah Fahad 4,5 *, Lijun Liu 3 * and Gang Deng 2,3 *
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